PMUs enabled tellegen’s theorem-based fault identification method for unbalanced active distribution network using RTDS

Abstract

The correct identification of the fault in the distribution systems can help in the healing process, system restoration, and thus lessen the duration of the outage. With the latest trend of penetrating the DG with the distribution network, the conventional fault identification (FI) methods become inappropriate for the promising active distribution network. Hence, the FI methods in the multisource, unbalanced, and weak distribution system is a challenge. In this article, the entire network is divided into the number of zones with each phase representing the two-port network. Further, the adjoint network matrices are formed for each of the two-port networks. The Tellegen’s theorem based on adjoint circuit concept is then, used to identify the open-circuit section or the faulted node in the network using the input and output port information only. The voltage and current phasor information of the ports are acquired from the phasor measurement units based on the DFT. The methodology has been extensively verified on the IEEE-13 and IEEE-34 bus distribution systems integrated with the DGs, for all types of open and short circuit faults, with very encouraging results, with the real-time digital simulator.