Design, development and evaluation of Artificial Breathing Capability Device (ABCD): A novel innovation for respiratory support

Abstract

Objective The paucity of mechanical ventilators necessitates development of innovative respiratory support devices. Methods: We developed the Artificial Breathing Capability Device (ABCD) to automate compression of self-inflating bags (SIB), while controlling peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), ventilation rate (VR) and inspiration to expiration time (I:E) ratio (as in a conventional ventilator). ABCD has additional smart features including self-regulatory checks, auto cut-off during cough, endotracheal tube disconnection and blockage alarms, and SIB disconnection alarm. ABCD was tested non-stop for 60 days with 396 user combinations, using adult-size and paediatric-size SIB. The device was evaluated for robustness, reliability and precision. Results: ABCD did not have mechanical, electrical or electronic failures during continuous testing under various ambient conditions, confirming robustness. Reliability and precision evaluated by the proportion of user combinations showing [removed]10% deviation were outside the physiologic range. Conclusion: ABCD is a safe, efficacious and cost-effective option, which could be considered for adults and children in the context of ventilator shortages especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.