Modulation of the Band Gap and Redox Properties by Mixed Addenda in Sandwich Polyoxometalates

Abstract

: Due to the wide range of applications of band-gap engineering in optoelectronics and photocatalysis, the rational design of polyoxometalate (POM) frameworks is highly desired. Here, we have successfully synthesized a series of mixed addenda (Mo and W) sandwich POMs by systematically varying pH, concentrations of salts, and counterions in Weakley-type sandwich POMs by incorporating Mo into the framework of tetrasubstituted sandwich POMs. Crystallographic analysis reveals the centrosymmetric structure; with variation in the Mo to W ratio, Mo preferentially binds to μ2 oxygen connected to transition metals in the sandwich position. UV−visible spectroscopy, electrochemical, and theoretical modeling rationalize the band-gap modulations. Theoretical studies and cyclic voltammograms indicate that during the reduction, the incoming electrons preferentially go to substituted transition metals followed by Mo. Flat band potential calculated from the Mott−Schottky enables tuning of the electronic properties of composites based on these sandwich POMs. Moreover, the dioxygen binding and activation studies of these polyoxometalates have been highlighted.