Abstract:
This article presents a new method for the placement of distribution-level phasor measurement units (D-PMUs)
in the active distribution networks (ADNs). The new objective
function and constraints are proposed to ensure the minimization
of capital cost as well the maximization of system observability,
in the presence of distributed generations (DGs), zero injection
buses (ZIBs), and tie-switches. The integer linear programming
(ILP) is used to solve the framed objective function and the
constraints. Furthermore, the accuracy of ADN state estimation (ADN-SE), in various system conditions, such as network
reconfiguration, change in load demand, and measurement error
degradation, is analyzed to check the impact of the proposed
placement. The uncertainties caused by D-PMUs, DGs, and
pseudomeasurements are considered well in ADN-SE using
Monte Carlo simulations. The IEEE 69, 123, Indian 85, and
UKGDS 95 bus distribution systems are used in the case studies.
