Abstract:
Oxidoreductases are diverse class of enzymes engaged in modulating the redox homeostasis and cellular
signaling cascades. Abnormal expression of oxidoreductases including thioredoxin reductase, azoreductase, cytochrome oxidoreductase, tyrosinase and monoamine oxidase leads to the initiation of numerous disorders. Thus,
enzymes are the promising biomarkers of the diseased cells and their accurate detection has utmost significance
for clinical diagnosis. The detection method must be extremely selective, sensitive easy to use, long self-life, mass
manufacturable and disposable. Fluorescence assay approach has been developed potential substitute to conventional techniques used in enzyme’s quantification. The fluorescent probes possess excellent stability, high
spatiotemporal ratio and reproducibility represent applications in real sample analysis. Therefore, the enzymatic
transformations have been monitored by small activatable organic fluorescent probes. These probes are generally
integrated with enzyme’s substrate/inhibitors to improve their binding affinity toward the enzyme’s catalytic
site. As the recognition unit bio catalyzed, the signaling unit produces the readout signals and provides novel
insights to understand the biochemical reactions for diagnosis and development of point of care devices. Several
structural modifications are required in fluorogenic scaffolds to tune the selectivity for a particular enzyme.
Hence, the fluorescent probes with their structural features and enzymatic reaction mechanism of oxidoreductase
are the key points discussed in this review. The basic strategies to detect each enzyme are discussed. The
selectivity, sensitivity and real-time applications are critically compared. The kinetic parameters and futuristic
opportunities are present, which would be enormous benefits for chemists and biologists to understand the facts
to design and develop unique fluorophore molecules for clinical applications.
