Abstract:
In this paper, a novel Loss-of-Mains (LoM) detection scheme is proposed using the Adjoint Network principle
with limited number of installed micro Phasor Measurement Units (μPMU)s. The proposed scheme is comprised
of two main stages viz., Off-line and On-line. In first stage, the network graph is divided into separate zones with
two different Adjoints for each zonal area. The phasor information of the Adjoints are stored in matrices, as
needed in the real-time process. The next step begins with Zonal Event Detection (ZED), which shrinks the LoM
search area and ends up identifying the exact Point of Disconnection (PoD) using the Tellegen’s Theorem in a
ZED defined area. The major advantage of the suggested approach is that its reliability is independent of both the
circumstances of the power mismatch and DG type. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated through
various simulated test cases and also, validated through Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing using Real-Time
Digital Simulator (RTDS) and dSPACE1104 micro-controller on an unbalanced IEEE 13-bus distribution system integrated with PhotoVoltaic (PV) DGs.
