Phenomenon in DC lines analogous to proximity effect

Abstract

It is casually assumed that charges are evenly distributed in conductors carrying direct current, unlike conductors carrying alternating current where proximity effect can be observed. The work negates this hypothesis through theoretical analysis and thoroughly conducted finite element simulations. All suspicions and expectations are validated affirmatively. A theoretical framework is developed to support the non-trivial findings, which conclusively establish the dependence of a transverse voltage on current in the conductor, distance between conductors, radius of the conductor, material, etc. and, most importantly, the occurrence of charge concentration in DC system. The exploration of the investigated phenomenon reveals deflection in electron path, which concentrates them toward one side, producing an effect in the DC system analogous to the proximity effect.