Abstract:
The rapid rise in vehicle ownership over the last two decades has transformed
the transport sector into the third-largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions,
accounting for 25% of the total. While electric vehicles (EVs) hold promises for
reducing emissions, their adoption remains sluggish, particularly in India, where
transportation accounts for 13% of national GHG emissions. This thesis investigates the
barriers and enablers of EV adoption in India, with Punjab as a focal point due to its
severe air pollution crisis and underwhelming EV market penetration despite supportive
policies, and underrepresentation in prior EV studies in India.
Employing structural equation modelling, integrated choice frameworks,
machine learning methods and pre-post intervention experiments, the research identifies
critical drivers and barriers to EV adoption across electric two-wheelers (ETWs) and
electric four-wheelers (EFWs). Key findings reveal that technological affinity
significantly drives EFW adoption, while range anxiety and inadequate charging
infrastructure remain significant deterrents. ETWs, characterized by lower reliance on
public charging, exhibit greater adoption potential, particularly among middle-income
groups and young, employed consumers. Interventions targeting consumer awareness of
EV benefits and tailored regional strategies show promise in boosting adoption rates.
Despite the constraints of urban-centric data collection, the research offers
valuable insights into consumer preferences and policy gaps. Recommendations include
expanding charging infrastructure, incentivizing lower-cost EV options, leveraging
targeted informational campaigns, among others. This study advances the understanding
of sustainable transport solutions in India and provides actionable frameworks as well
as target groups for accelerating EV adoption in similar developing contexts.
