Abstract:
The concerns of power minimization and range extension are particularly critical in a
wide range of monitoring applications such as perishable item quality monitoring, air
quality monitoring and activity monitoring. These systems heavily rely on Internet
of Things (IoT) devices, which are often battery-powered. Power consumption at the
end node must be reduced to ensure long-term operation without frequent battery
replacements or recharging. Many existing systems in the literature rely on transmitting
raw data from sensors to the gateway or cloud, leading to high power consumption.
Therefore, the primary objective is to minimize the number of transmissions for reducing
the power consumption which can be effectively achieved through threshold based
activation. Battery lifetime improvement through this approach in perishable item
monitoring, activity monitoring and air quality monitoring is 11.46 %, 97.4 % and 11.48
%. IoT devices also face challenges related to limited communication range, particularly in
scenarios where the devices are located at extended distances from the receiver or gateway.
Therefore, extending the range is crucial to ensure that data can reach its destination
accurately and consistently over larger distances. One proposed solution is to design
high-gain transmitter and receiver antennas that enhance signal strength. Improving
antenna gain boosts the effective radiated power without increasing the actual power
consumption, which helps maintain communication over greater distances. High-gain
antennas can focus the signal in a particular direction, improving both transmission and
reception quality. This contributes to extended range by increasing the signal strength.
Another solution to increase the range while optimizing power consumption is the use of
Power Amplifier (PA) and Low Noise Amplifier (LNA). By fine-tuning the transmission
power of power amplifier, the system can achieve a balance between power consumption
and the range extension at the end node.
